Fern is a popular plant in indoor floriculture.
His lush, spreading foliage is beautiful interior decoration apartment or office.
In addition, the fern is unpretentious in the care. But this does not mean that you do not need to care for him.
There are some features and rules of its cultivation, compliance with which is necessary.
Beneficial features
Many indoor plants are known for special energy for our home. Not an exception and fern.
There are beliefs that fern softens quick-tempered people extinguishes their bouts of aggression. It also contributes to the harmonization of family relationships, brings good luck to the house.
At the same time, some people consider fern energy vampire taking power from the atmosphere for their development.
If you are afraid of this property, place the plant near the TV or in a place of accumulation of negative energy.
But he has undeniable useful properties:
- Can be used as food. Its caloric content is only 34 kcal, while it contains a large amount of protein, nutrients. In this regard, its benefits are invaluable for people supporting a low-calorie diet.
- Helps fight parasites. The roots have anthelmintic effect.
- Absorbs electromagnetic radiation from household appliances.
- Heals eczema, wounds, boils.
- Helps in the treatment of rheumatism. In this case, it is recommended to take baths with the addition of decoction of the plant.
It is forbidden to use drugs based on fern during pregnancy.
A photo
Below is a photo of home-grown ferns:
Purchase and transfer
Growing a fern at home is not that difficult.
The purchase of seedlings is better to plan on the spring. A plant acquired in the autumn or winter period often dies, as it cannot adapt to changing conditions of detention.
After purchase transplant the plant in new soil and spacious pot.
The fact is that for transportation grown in greenhouse conditions a special substrate is used, which differs from normal, nutritious soil. Leave in this form is impossible.
What soil to plant?
Fern - forest plant. Therefore, the soil for it should be as close as possible to the forest ground.
Soil needed loose, with a large number of sheet reheated mixture, chopped needles. Another condition - increased acidity.
To improve the aeration properties, add sand, humus.
Transplant rules
The procedure is recommended annually. The fern quickly increases the root mass and becomes cramped in the pot, which means the plant will stop producing new shoots.
In order not to injure the roots unnecessarily, a fern is rolled over to a new container. Do it in the spring, as soon as the growing season begins. The pot takes 2-3 centimeters more than the old. After transplanting, water the plant liberally.
How to transplant fern, see the video below:
Conditions of detention
Air humidity
This is one of the main conditions for a normal state of health fern. Use a humidifier, especially in winter. When heating works. Spray leaves every day, and when the air is dry - several times.
Regular watering
Earthy must be all the time wet. Otherwise, the roots rot. Water it abundantly, make sure that the earth is moistened evenly. Sometimes water just flows into the pan and does not soak the soil. To find out whether you watered the plant correctly, you can raise the pot - it should be heavy.
Land drying is not allowed. If the foliage fades, it will not live again.
But the fern does not tolerate an excess of moisture, its roots will rot.
Experienced growers are advised to keep the plant in a double pot. Some water is poured into a large pot, and a container with a plant is placed in it.
Thus, he himself can regulate the humidity and take as much liquid as he needs.
Another option is to install a pot in the pallet with expanded clay.
Fern watering settled, filtered water. Normal hard water contains lime and chlorine, which lead to a decrease in acidity in the soil.
A good way to soften the water is its freezing.
Top dressing
Lack of nutrition is very harmful, while the fern pales, turns yellow, dries out. It needs mineral and organic dressings. Only take concentration two times lower recommended for other indoor plants.
Temperature
Plus 20-22 degrees - this is the ideal temperature content. The main condition is the temperature difference by day and night. At night, he needs coolness, but not lower than 15-16 degrees.
Lighting
Keep it in a bright place, but Do not allow direct sunlight. The best place - east or west windows. Or put it in a corner next to the southern window so that sunspots can be seen on the foliage.
In the garden and aquarium
Some species can be grown in open ground and in water.
Garden
For cultivation in the open field are suitable Adiantum, Polnoyadnik, Ostrichnik, Kochedyzhnik.
These kinds of unpretentious, shade-tolerant. All care for these boaters comes down to watering, loosening and mulching the soil. Plant them should be in the peat-sand mixture. The main condition - the site should not be over-humid, flooded with melt water.
Also, thanks to its winter hardiness for the garden fit Bubble, Shchitovnik, Osmund and Orlyak.
Repot garden view every three to four years.
Aquarium
Lovers of aquarium fish known varieties of ferns grown in the aquarium. It is a real decoration of the reservoir, it looks very impressive. The optimum temperature content is 23-27 degrees.
If the water is colder, the leaves become shallow, lighten. It is also ruined by hard water. Coarse sand or gravel is suitable for cultivation. Feeding they do not need. From the mother plant are separated independently daughter processes, float. After that, they can be rooted again.
Care calendar
Winter
Period of rest. The plant is watered, sprayed, but not fed.
Spring
Transplant with the appearance of the first new processes. The division of the bush. Start feeding.
Summer
Active vegetative period. Regular watering, fertilizing. The organization of airing or removal to fresh air. Protection against diseases and pests.
Autumn
Pruning old shoots. Collecting spores for propagation by seeds. Preparation for the rest period.
Breeding
Reproduction takes place mainly in two ways:
Dividing bush
The most reliable and easy method is the division of the bush during transplantation. Locate the small processes at the base, carefully separate from the base and root in a separate pot. Create a new plant greenhouse conditions with a bright cap.
Disputes
You can make an attempt to breed from the seed, or rather the dispute. They are formed on the shoots (vayyah) and resemble small scales in the form of a heart.
For the cultivation of overgrown fern spores are collected and sown. Germination requires air and soil moisture.
Before that, the spore sheet is cut, put in a paper bag and dried, constantly shaking for 24 hours.
Spores crumble, they are collected, placed in the soil consisting of peat (8 hours), sod land (2 hours), charcoal (1 hours).
The mixture is poured into a flat container, crushed, sprinkled with crushed brick. Disputes are spread from above. Cover crops with glass, put the container in a pan filled with water. Germination produced in a dark place.
Shoots will appear in a month. They resemble moss. These are fern buds. At this point, it is necessary to properly moisten the crops - drying, even short, will delay growth. The first leaves will appear after a half or two months. After that, the glass is removed. The leaves are hardened at a temperature of 20-210 WITH.
As soon as the sprouts can be picked up, they dive and put them in a cold greenhouse. Grown-ups are planted in separate containers.
Possible problems
Yellowing leaves.
Yellowing leaves.This happens from a lack of moisture in the air or the ground. But sometimes it is caused by infection with a shield that sucks the juice.
First of all, when the leaves dry, inspect the plant for the appearance of a pest.
If the reason is not in it, normalize humidity indoors and in the soil.
Cover the battery with a damp cloth, spray the plant 2 times a day, put the pot in the pan with water. These procedures will revive your pet.
- Brown spots on the leaves.
Content temperature too high. Ventilate the room, try to reduce the night temperature.
- Slow growth, pale leaves.
Lack of nutrients or too big pot. Normalize fertilizer.
- Twisting the leaves.
Too low temperature, drafts, watering with cold or chlorinated water.
Pests
Pest infestation is less common than other flora representatives. But nevertheless attacks of insects happen. Their most common enemy is schitovka.
This brown-shelled insect settles along the veins. If you notice brown specks on some stems, cut them off, rinse the rest with an alcohol solution and treat with an insecticide.
Less commonly, ferns are infected with aphids, spider mites, and worm. Any specks of brown, reddish, white color signal the appearance of a pest. Wash the stems with a swab moistened with soapy water and treat with a systemic insecticide. Repeat the procedure after two weeks.
Mealybug can settle in the roots. The leaves of the affected plant wither, turn yellow and dry. Noticing this, remove the fern from the pot, wash the roots, replace the pot and soil mixture. Another month every 10 days, water insecticide.
Conclusion
Ferns make it indispensable for indoor floriculture, and at the same time the beauty of the fountain of open leaves.
In combination with the beneficial properties of home fern becomes an indispensable decoration of the interior.
