Currently, there are a huge number of cherry varieties. Showing a variety of qualities, they are able to satisfy almost any consumer taste.
There are among these varieties of plants, which delight lovers of early fresh fruits with their fruits. A prominent representative of this group is sort of cherry in memory of Vavilov. Gardeners of middle Russia and some republics of the former USSR show great interest in it. Further description of the cherry varieties in memory of Vavilov, the history of selection and recommendations for planting.
Breeding history and breeding region
This cherry was obtained as a result of breeding research by researchers. All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding (formerly the Central Genetic Laboratory) them. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov region).
The cherry variety in memory of Vavilov was dedicated to an outstanding Russian and Soviet scientist - genetics and breeder, creator of the world's largest collection of seed material of cultivated plants, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943).
The author's tandem, who worked on the development of a new variety (E.N. Kharitonov, S.V. Zhukov), chose seedlings obtained as a result of free pollination of an unidentified variety as the basis for a “memorial” cherry.
After conducting a series of test tests, the novelty was officially recognized and included in the state register of fruit varieties. in the Lower Volga and Central Black Earth agricultural regions. It happened in 1985
After the official approval of a new variety, not only practicing gardeners working in the farms of central Russia but also specialists from other republics of the former Soviet Union became interested.
In particular, breeders were actively engaged in their independent tests for adapting cherries of Vavilov’s Memory to local climatic and agrotechnical conditions. Ukraine and Belarus. As a result, the cherry variety in memory of Vavilov was approved for zoning in Kharkov, Gomel and Grodno regions, further description of the external characteristics of the variety.
Morozovka, In memory of Enikeeva, Zhivitsa, Turgenevka are also suitable for cultivation in these regions.
Appearance of cherry Memory of Vavilov
Cherry In memory of Vavilov has its own external and structural specific features that distinguish it from other cherry crops. Her "portrait" looks like this:
Tree
Characterized enough tall. The color of the stem bark is brown-green.
Crown, branches.
In cherries of this sort, a crown is formed in the form of a widely spread pyramid. The density of crown branches is average. The shape of the crown is estimated as average.
Shoots. In greenish-brown and not very thick shoots there is a significant curvature.
On the shoots there are elongated internodes. Large, brown buds of conical shape, with pointed tips usually deviate slightly from escape.
Leaves. The egg-like dark green leaf has a rather sharp top and a rounded base. Medium-sized teeth form a bicuspid leaf edge. The sheet itself, as a rule, is curved somewhat upwards. From above, the matte surface of the plate is quite smooth to the touch, with a small number of wrinkles.
Bottom sheet has a slight omission. Light green, dissected type stipules tend to fall rapidly. Leaves are fastened to the branches by means of elongated, thin petioles with noticeable pigmentation.
Inflorescences Formed by large white flowers. The edges of each flower are slightly wavy.
Fruit
One-dimensional fruits in the form of a wide rounded heart in a ripened state are quite large in size.
Weight indicators at the same time - medium (in most cases, the weight of the usual berries is in the range of 3.6 to 4.2 g; in rare cases, cherry may weigh a little more). A rounded base and apex give a heart-shaped silhouette to the fetus.
Similar fruits in appearance and weight are provided by Vyanok, Lebedyanskaya and Dessert Morozova.
At the base is also a shallow funnel. The color of the skin of a ripe fruit is burgundy.
The color of the pulp is dark red. The flesh itself has a soft-soft consistency and an abundance of dark red juice.
Inside the fruit is an oval bone of light shades of brown. From the pulp bone is separated without much effort.
A photo
Characteristics of a variety
Variety cherry Memory of Vavilov on the principle of fertilization belongs to the category of self-infertile fruit crops. Belonging to this species means that, due to certain structural features of the flower (the stamens and stigma of the pistil are located in buds at different levels) and the method of formation of the ovary, an extremely small number of fruits are formed by selfing.
Self-infertile varieties are also Zhukovskaya, Malinovka, Podbelskaya.
This problem is eliminated by placing nearby the individual of the described varieties of trees of other cherry varieties.
So, systematic observations show that good yield and high quality berries of Memory of Vavilov promotes pollination varieties such as Turgenevka, same age.
In suitable climatic and agrotechnical conditions, the culture begins to bear fruit. in the fourth year after planting the sapling.
Tree every year blooms early enough, and according to the time of fruit ripening, it refers to early-medium cherries. Ripe berries are usually removed between July 15th and 25th.
If all the requirements for planting, caring for the plant and protecting it from diseases and pests are strictly followed, the cherry in Memory of Vavilov shows quite high yields. In particular, each year an average tree is removed from an adult tree. yield of 13-16 kg, and sometimes in 20-22 kg.
Such varieties as Rossoshanskaya black, Tamaris, Minx, Chernokorka demonstrate high yields.
Cherry of this variety produces fruits with excellent taste properties. The products are characterized by distinct refreshing notes, with a pleasant sourness.
This cherry species, many experts give more than 4 points on a 5-point scale assessing the tasting appeal. Such recognition is of great importance for the popularization of cherries in new regions for it.
The chemical composition of Vavilov’s Memory variety includes the following chemical components:
| Composition | amount |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 11,0% |
| Organic acids | 1,6% |
| Dry matter | 18,1% |
| Vitamin C | 21.65 mg / 100 g |
Cherry Memory Vavilova shows the average winter hardiness. At the same time, the wood of this culture and the buds of its flowers are the most resistant to the cold of the middle band.
In terms of consumption of fruit products, the Cherry Memory Vavilov cherry variety takes universal position. In other words, its fruits are equally consumed in food both fresh and technologically processed.
However, fresh cherries, as well as compote, jam, jam or liqueur are attractive not only for their taste. They also contain a large number of various macro-and micronutrients, pectic substances, vitamins - all that is so necessary to improve human health.
The winter-hardy varieties of cherries also include Tsarevna, Ashinskaya, Uralskaya Rubinovaya and Fairy.
Planting and care
The moment of landing must precede site preparationin which the tree will grow and give its crops. The determination of the optimal location depends on how successful and profitable the cultivation of Vavilov's Memory Cherry will be.
First of all, you need to make sure that the tree (first of all, its root system) is enough space for normal development.
Since this variety belongs to high-growth crops, experts recommend to allocate a section of 4x4 m for planting one seedling.
He should be good at the same time lit by the sun, located in a quiet windless corner of the garden (it would be nice to have a wall next to any building), where groundwater does not rise as high as 2 m to the surface of the earth.
It should also be borne in mind that the cherry is best developed on loamy and sandy soils.
Cherry can be planted both in spring and autumn. At the site of planting trees digging a hole in depth 40-60 cm and a diameter of at least 60 cm. The soil extracted from the hole should be thoroughly mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers to fill the seedling root system with it.
Before planting the hole pour 2-3 buckets of water and let her settle for several days.
In order for the sapling to take root well and start growing as soon as possible, it is recommended that organic fertilizer in the form of humus or manure, superphosphate (35-40 g) and potassium chloride (20 g) be placed on the bottom of the pit.
The technology of planting seedlings of this variety is almost identical to the technology of planting other cherry crops. The tree is vertically dipped in a hole in the roots and, holding it in that position, the hole is filled with the prepared mixture of soil and fertilizer.
Moreover, such a position of a sapling is considered to be correct, when, after absorbing moisture, the place of root transition into a stem (root neck) rises above ground level by 6-7 cm.
At the end of the filling of the root system, carefully place a spot around the trunk of the seedling with your foot or other means. In a radius of 30-40 cm around the trunk form an earthen rimand then formed in this way 2-3 buckets of settled water are poured over the funnel.
To protect watered earth from premature drying and cracking, the trunk circle is sprinkled mulch from sawdust or humus.
In order for a tree to develop well, you need to constantly look after it. Competent care involves regular irrigation, periodic loosening of the soil under a tree, pruning branches. Pruning of cherries is carried out every year in early spring.
This should be done before the start of bud break (approximately in April). If the branch is completely trimmed, it should be cut at the very base so that after that no hemp remains on the tree.
Diseases and pests
Gardeners involved in the cultivation of the variety Memory of Vavilov, celebrate good resistance of this species to coccomycosis. However in relation Moniliosis culture shows moderate resistancethat for cherry means the risk of contracting this fungal disease.
As a result of exposure to the causative agent of moniliasis, the asilomycete monilia fungus, the branches of the tree begin to dry out quickly. This leads to a weakening of the plant and its death.
The problem is solved by the method of processing wood fungicides. There are varieties of cherries that are particularly resistant to fungal diseases, such as Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya, and Novella.
Processing is carried out in three stages - before, during and at the end of the flowering period. At the same time, dry sections of branches are cut off with the capture of a healthy part of the branch by about 10 cm.
Fulfillment of all the rules of cultivating the Pamyat Vavilov variety increases the chances of obtaining a lot of healthy and beautiful dessert fruits.
