Every gardener dreams that on his site apple trees are distinguished by high yields, excellent taste characteristics and have a beautiful appearance.
To be proud of your garden, you need to choose the right varieties for your backyard.
One of their favorite gardeners varieties is sort of apples Dachnaya. Description of the variety and photos in the article.
What kind refers
This the variety is summer. Starting from the third week of August comes the ripening of fruits.
This grade not self pollinatedtherefore, in order to get a harvest from it, it is necessary to pick up the appropriate pollinator neighbor.
For the pollination of summer varieties need summer or autumn varieties, since flowering should occur in the same time frame.
Summer varieties include: Gorno-Altai, Malinovka, Apple Spas, Bely Naliv, Yandykovskoe, Yubilyar, Terentievka, Yuzhny, July Chernoe, Kvinti, Korobovka, Chudnoye, Elena, Glory to the winner, Yubilyar.
Pollination
For pollination of the Dachnaya variety, the following varieties will be suitable: Gornist, Dreamer, Solntsedar, Silverhoof, Iset white, Daughter of the rainbow, Aksena, Papyantra, Ural pink.
Grade descriptions Country
Consider separately the appearance of the apple and fruit.
Apple tree has medium trunk gray-brown, sometimes there is a shade of yellow. Crohn as the apple grows from the pyramidal goes into a rounded shape.
In a young tree, the branches are directed upwards, but after the beginning of fruiting they are distributed to the sides under the weight of the fruits. Fruiting occurs on simple and complex ringworm.
Fruits have a symmetrical round shape, light yellow in color with rare red patches, sometimes with a faint flush.
Apples are smooth to the touch.
Their mass is from 90 to 110 grams.
Cream-colored flesh, juicy, loose with a sweet-sour taste.
Breeding history
This variety was created Kotovym L.A. by pollination of the "Isetsky" variety with Melba variety pollen, Dream and Candy at the Sverdlovsk gardening station.
A photo
Distribution region
Variety is widespread in the Urals (Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, region).
Apple trees have good winter hardiness, which makes them suitable for distribution in regions with cold winters. For example, Far East and Western Siberia.
For planting in these regions, the following varieties are suitable: Covenant, Isetskoe, Rennet Chernenko, Kovrovoe, Lada, Gift to gardeners, Pepin Saffron, Ural Bulk, Flashlight, Screen, Yantar, Uralets, Phoenix of Altai, Daughter Pepinchik, Lyubava, Altynai.
Yield
Variety "Dachnoe" is distinguished by its high yields. Fruiting comes for 3-5 year, so variety is attributed to skoroplodny. With enhanced care, gardeners get up to 15-16 kg of fruit from the tree.
Average yield 10-12 kg from one apple tree. Mature fruits appear in the second half of August, but unfortunately, not subject to long storage (not more than a month).
Therefore, they should be immediately after collection reprocess.
If, however, you still have some time to store the collected apples, then carefully select your crop from damaged fruits before laying.
Wrap each fruit with paper and sprinkle it with moss, sand, dry leaves of maple or oak.
Clean wooden boxes are good for storage, they will provide the desired level of ventilation.
They are put on racks 20 cm from the floor and 30 cm from the ceiling, the distance between the shelves not less than 20 cm
Basements or cellars are used as premises. The temperature in them should be on average 18-20ะกand the humidity is about 80%.
Planting and care
It is important not to make mistakes when planting apple trees. Otherwise, the rich harvest is not worth dreaming about. In general, apple trees are very unpretentious plants, but, nevertheless, require certain conditions for their growth and development.
The landing area should have the following characteristics:
- Good light level
- Sufficient soil moisture, but not so that the water stagnated in it. This is detrimental to the root system of apple trees.
- It is better if there are no other large trees, as well as other fruit and berry crops next to them.
- Choose not too windy terrain.
Properly selected area - this is the first step to a gorgeous garden.
Then you should prepare landing pits. It should be noted that the apple trees should be planted either in the spring (from April to May), either in the autumn (from September to October).
About a week later, when the ground is slightly set, you can plant trees in the soil.
But before that it is worth carrying out such works as weed removal, loosening and fertilization of the soil.
Since transplanting to a new place is a great stress for a sapling, everything must be done to make the tree adapt as quickly and as much as possible.
As a fertilizer add humus, ash, mineral or complex preparations. You need to push off from the composition of the soil and add only those elements that are not enough in it.
Part of the excavated land is mixed with fertilizers and is brought into the planting pit. In the center, leave room for sapling.
It is best to carry out planting together, so that a person could hold a tree by the trunk, and the second one at this time would cover the root system with earth.
ATTENTION: It is important when planting straighten the roots of the apple tree deep into and to the side. This will require your patience and accuracy. Otherwise, a part of the root system may eventually come out. And this will either lead to the fact that the tree will receive less nutrients, or the seedling does not take root and will die.
After planting, the tree is tied up, watered and slightly crush the soil with the foot.
To ensure good growth of the tree it is necessary to care for it.
Early spring and autumn dig up the earth on 10-15 cm, depending on the depth of the roots. During the summer, loosening is carried out 3 more times.
To ensure the power of weakened trees make feeding. For the first time after flowering, the second - after the fall of the ovaries, the third at the beginning of autumn.
For dressing use manure, bird droppings, mineral fertilizers in the form of a solution or dry. Dung slush three times diluted with water litter - 15 times. Cook on average 90 liters of solution on one apple tree.
Organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied every two years. Nitrogen contribute in the spring and in the period of enhanced growth - the middle of summer.
It is necessary to care for the trunk and crown of the tree. Before winter apple trees protect from rodents by tying with fir branches or special covering material.
In addition to the necessary care, apple trees must be protected from diseases and insect damage.
Diseases and pests
The variety of apple trees Dachnaya is sufficiently resistant to such a disease as a scab caused by a fungal pathogen. But prone to other diseases characteristic of fruit trees.
Mealy dew. A very common disease that occurs not only in apple trees, but also in other garden plants. Cause it microscopic mushrooms (Podosphacra leucotrictia).
The disease causes the plant great harm, affects the leaves, flowers, buds and shoots. Fungus forms white bloom, and after the formation of spores, drops of liquid appear.
The infection quickly spreads throughout the plant, causing drying of the leaves and inflorescences. If you do not get rid of all the affected areas, then the pathogen on them will carry the winter.
To combat, you can apply the solutions of drugs "Topaz", "Home", "High".
Or a solution of Bordeaux liquid, or copper sulfate.
Milky shine. Trees are most often affected after a harsh winter. Accompanied by the death of shoots. It is called another microscopic fungus - Stereumpurpureum.
The disease can be detected by the presence of air bubbles under the skin of leaves that have a silvery shade. Gradually the leaves die off.
As a preventive measure, whitewashing of trees before winter, fertilizing, removing infected areas and burning them, further protecting the bark from damage with the help of treatment with lime or vitriol solution.
Cytosporosis. Fungal disease (pathogen Cytospora schulzeri). Under its influence on the bark of apple trees, dark ulcers are formed, rapidly expanding, leading to the death of the bark and branches.
Used for the treatment "Hom", blue vitriol. For prevention - whitewashing bark and branches before winter.
Fruit Rot - A very widespread disease affecting the fruit. As a result, the flesh becomes dark gray, friable, not suitable for consumption.
To combat it, use spray solution "Homa" during the formation of the leaves and after flowering. Infected fruits are harvested and burned.
Insect pest control.
Fruit trees, and apple trees are not an exception, very often they affect insect pests, the purpose of which is to use your plants as their food.
Apple aphid, mites, moths, leaflet makers, suckers, tsvetoedy - here is a short list of insects with which you will have to wage a constant struggle to defend your garden and harvest.
For confrontation, they need to fall be sure to rake and burn fallen leaves, as insect larvae tolerate wintering there.
The bark of the trees is treated with a solution of nitrophene, karbofos, copper sulfate, bordeaux liquid.
In the garden stores there is a wide range of developed drugs against pests.
In conclusion, we note the advantages and disadvantages of the apple variety Dachnaya.
Its advantages are winter hardiness, excellent taste of fruits and their high yield and resistance to scab. The disadvantages - short-term storage of ripe apples.
Watch the video about the formation of fruit trees - limb branches.
