The variety of apple trees A gift to gardeners is irreplaceable in any household, since it is a variety of universal purpose.
It has good organoleptic properties. Apples are tasty both in their fresh consumption, and as a part of various dishes, juice, compotes, jams and other.
What kind is it?
Apple tree The gift to gardeners belongs to autumn grades. The tree is characterized by winter hardiness, high resistance to fungal diseases, as well as good regenerative abilities.
Fruit storage time is up to 120 days under proper storage conditions.which include:
- optimum temperature: -1-2 ° C;
- storage in wooden containers (racks, containers, boxes);
- relative humidity of air 90-95%;
- preliminary calibration by the size of fruits;
- Each variety is stored in separate containers.
Pollination
Apple tree belongs to the self-fertile varieties. This means that regardless of the weather and climatic conditions, such a variety will produce stable yields. But even samoplodnye varieties yield harvests with the best performance in the presence of a number of other varieties.
Description of a grade Gift to gardeners
Apple varieties are characterized by medium height with a characteristic horizontal crown and beautiful, compactly located yellow-green fruits.
Average height (not exceeding three meters), fast-growing. Crohn rounded, average density.
The color of the branches is red-brown. Fruiting on kolchatkah, fruits and spears.
The shoots are well pubescent, large, medium length, have a brown color. A large, oval-shaped leaf with a short, tapered end. The shoots are brown, curved, large in thickness. Stems are medium in length. The leaf plate is large, symmetrical, has a grayish tint and is moderately pubescent from the underside.
They are characterized by low weight and small size. The mass of one fruit ranges from 60 to 100 grams.
The color of the apple is greenish yellow, rolling in strokes into a pale red cover shade. The skin is smooth with a slight waxy coating. The stem is short and thin. The flesh is white with a greenish tinge, quite juicy and with a fine-grained consistency. The taste of apple - sweet and sour. The aroma is pronounced.
The chemical composition of an apple:
- Sahara - 13,3%;
- Titrated to-you - 1,22%;
- Tanning Islands - 60 mg per 100 grams;
- Ascorbic to-that - 25 mg per 100 grams;
- R-active islands - 300 mg per 100 grams;
- Pectin Islands - 5,30%.
Breeding history
The variety was born in 1959 thanks to breeders: L.Yu. Zhebrovskaya, I.P. Kalinina, T.F. Kornienko, N.I. Dorokhina and Chupinoy G.V. Bred as a result of crossing Melba and Laletino in the Institute of Horticulture them. Lisavenko MA, Siberia.
Region of natural origin
The zone of natural variety growth of the Gift to gardeners is the region of its place of birth - West Siberian.
Also often found in the gardens of residents of the Altai Territory. With proper planting and care gets on any soil. Problems can occur in dry regions.
Yield
Tree bears fruit in the third or fourth year after planting.
Harvest in moderation, annual.
The fruits ripen in mid-September.
The consumer period begins in the second decade of September and ends in February.
Up to 30 kilograms of fruits are removed from one tree..
Planting and care
Due consideration should be given to planting apple varieties Gift Gardeners. In the care of the tree is not whimsical.
To begin with, we will determine the timing of planting an apple tree. Experienced gardeners recommend planting apple trees from September 15 to September 25 due to physiological processes in the tree. It is important to choose the right seedling of this variety, for this you should follow simple rules:
- purchase a seedling not earlier than a week before planting;
- purchase seedlings with a developed root system and purchase them in a zone with the same climatic conditions;
- choose a young seedling, then it adapts more quickly to the soil on the plot where it is grown.
After purchasing seedlings it is very important to choose the right place for planting an apple tree.:
- non-shaded territory;
- lack of wind;
- areas for planting should be well drained;
- to make the tree grow strong and bring maximum yield, it is recommended to use loamy soil;
- avoid places where groundwater is located close to the surface;
- properly prepare the landing hole.
Pit for apple varieties Gift gardeners prepared by the classical method.
Its optimal parameters: 1x1x0.7m. At the bottom of the pit laid out:
- horse manure bucket;
- wood ash (approximately one glass);
- tablespoon of double superphosphate.
All components mix well with soil., the seedling is placed in a pit and we fall asleep with dry earth. Liberally pour and sprinkle with earth again.
The next year after landing not much is needed - eliminating weeds around the planting pit and regular wateringThe formation of the crown begins.
It is necessary to cut the ends of all branches and shoots, remove 80-100% of flowers.
It is important to prevent the appearance of fruits during the first three years.
Basic care during the first five years after planting:
- protection of the tree from rodents and hares (material - parchment, lapnik) by tying the tree;
- creating edges from the ground to a height of twenty centimeters around the landing pit;
- in early March, it is necessary to treat wounds inflicted by rodents with rhizomes and cover them with garden pitch;
- mulching with humus pristvolnyh circles.
Every year Before spring, it is necessary to irrigate mixtures of pests. This must be done twice:
- during the swelling of the buds on the branches;
- before blooming buds.
Diseases and pests
Fruit trees are often susceptible to various fungal diseases. Variety Gift to gardeners is characterized by high resistance to similar diseases, but is prone to the onset of the following:
- tinder mushroom;
- scab;
- powdery mildew;
- bacterial burn.
The first sign of a tinder fungus attack is the appearance of wounds (fungus) on the cortex.. It strongly affects the trunk of an apple tree, but it affects the fruit indirectly. It is necessary at the first stages to get rid of the fungus. If the fungus severely hit the tree, became very hard and reached a large size, then the fungus will have to be destroyed with an ax, then healthy wood will naturally suffer.
If the wound is small, it can be gently cleaned with a garden knife.. It is important to destroy the fungus at its very roots. Otherwise, after some time, the mushroom “settles” again in the same place. After the elimination of the fungus, the place in which he grew up must be disinfected. Processing should be carried out by copper sulphate.after which it is desirable to paint over the treated area with oil paint. Otherwise, the tinder mushroom will settle again in the same place.
The scab primarily affects the leaves of the tree, and then moves to the fruit. The cause of this fungus may be high humidity or stagnation of air inside the crown of a tree. The first signs of scab are the appearance of green-brown spots on the leaves and small brownforming a crust, stains on the fruit.
After heavy rains, powdery mildew most often appears, usually in the form of white bloom on the leaves of an apple tree. Infection occurs on the tree from the bottom up, until it completely attacks the tree.
These and many other diseases can easily be avoided by adhering to a number of preventive measures.which consist of:
- soil ash;
- crown formation;
- feed with potash and calcium fertilizers;
- feeding with compost;
- pollination of colloidal sulfur and copper compounds;
- the use of varieties with high resistance to diseases;
- destruction of the affected elements.
There is a universal set of measures that will help get rid of almost any pest: a solution of urea (an average of 7-8 liters per tree is needed), copper oxychloride, which must be used first before flowering, and then during the appearance of the first fruits.Bordeaux liquid is considered the best preventive and therapeutic agent for fungi and various pests.
The only incurable disease is a burn that is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora.
The affected trees should be destroyed as soon as possible so that they do not infect nearby growing varieties. The causative agent is a quarantine object.
The variety of apple trees The gift to gardeners has an average yield and brings beautiful fruits with high biological value. With special preparation, the sapling will germinate on any soil. The tree does not require special care. Medium resistant to diseases. In case of defeat by pests, treatment does not require much effort.
