At the moment in the gardens you can find a huge variety of different apple trees.
But not all varieties of apple trees can be with good winter hardiness and unpretentiousness.
In this article we will talk about this sort of Gorno-Altai.
What kind is it?
This variety was bred as summer.
It was created in Siberia, and the main place of growth apple trees of this variety are also located in Siberia.
Gorno-Altai apple trees, like almost all other varieties, don't self pollinatethey need a pollinator.
In his capacity can make any known pollinatorsuch as, for example, Golden Delicious or Golden Hornet.
You can also get acquainted with one more summer varieties of apple trees Melba and August.
Description variety Gornoaltaysky
Description of the external characteristics of the apple and its fruit will consider separately.
An apple tree is a medium sized tree (it can reach 3.5 meters in height). Crohn rounded, also medium in size. At the same time forming the crown branches powerful, strong.
They contain a large number of collar and fruit twigs. It is on them and most of the fruits.
Apple shoots are light brown in color, covered with a certain amount of fluff, there are small light lentils on the shoots. The size of the leaves is average, they have a rounded ovoid shape, having a long sharp tip.
The color of the leaves is grayish green, not shiny. The leaves have a shagreen surface, from the bottom the leaves are slightly covered with fuzz. On the petioles there is also fluff, stipules of small size and lanceolate.
Apples are pretty small You can understand this by looking at the photo.
On average, 30-50 grams, have a rounded conical shape, their surface is smooth. At the same time the fruits are ribbed.
The predominant color is yellow, the covers are colored bright red over the entire surface of the apple.
The peduncle has a rather large length, with a small thickness, painted in green and covered with down.
The funnel is of a small size, with a little rust.
The cup is also small, it is closed. The saucer is small, ribbed.
The flesh has a cream color and fine-grained structure. The pulp tastes sweet and sour, many note that it tastes good. Also, the pulp is deservedly considered juicy.
Breeding history
Gorno-Altai variety was launched in Siberia in the Institute of Horticulture named M.A. Lisavenko. He turned out the method of crossing Ranetki purple and Saffron Pepina.
Successful crossing occurred in 1937. Authorship variety It remains for the four employees of the Institute - Lisavenko, Kukharsky, Sizemov, and Sirotkin.
Until 1959, remained only in Siberia, then began to spread throughout the territory of Russia.
Natural growth region
As mentioned above, the variety was created and originally received widespread in Siberia.
As a consequence, the advantage of this variety is high resistance to frost and wintering.
In 1959, Gorno-Altai apple trees began to spread in other regions of Russia - Volga-Vyatka, West Siberian, Northern, North-Western.
Learn more about unpretentious and winter-hardy Altynai and Aelita apple varieties suitable for planting in these regions.
At the same time, no special measures were taken to adapt the apple trees, because the climate in these areas is not very different from the Siberian one, there is no arid summer and very high temperatures.
Yield
After planting an apple tree begins to bear fruit after 4-5 years.
At the same time, the yield is kept average, but regular.
Thanks high winter hardiness even in extremely harsh winters, trees freeze slightly, so nothing hinders the new crop.
therefore harvest and considered regular - there is really little that can affect it.
Whole tree continues to live about 45 years. In this case, the young can give about 10 kilograms of fruitbut the adult is already up to 35 kg.
There are cases when under the best conditions these apple trees gave out more than 100 kilograms apples from one bush.
Fruits can be picked in late Augustwithout fear of premature shedding.
If the apples are not removed in time, they will ripen and become painful.
but with frequent rains, apples begin to crack.
Apples are universally used.
Known their high role in juice productiondue to the high juiciness of the fruit.
Planting and care
Let us consider in more detail the rules of planting and how to care for a seedling.
The best time to plant an apple tree will be spring, when the soil has already melted.
Despite the high winter hardiness of adult trees, seedlings endure the winter is not so good, so they must have time to gain strength for the first wintering.
Apple tree is very demanding on the soil.
Therefore, when planting the Gorno-Altai apple tree, it is necessary to use highly fertile soil.
If you do not have the same soil, but there is acidic soil, then this soil before planting need to fertilize saltpeter.
Besides take care of good soil drainage.
Ideal soil will be loam, but clay soil will not work - not enough fertile.
Before landing you need dig a hole in advance and pour into it fertile soil and fertilizersforming a mound at the bottom.
When planting on the top of this mound, the roots go up, and the rest of the soil is put on top.
During and after planting the bush need plenty of water, only three times, each time using about 30 liters of water.
Leave the place of transition of roots in the trunk on the surface, as the apple tree and so sit down after planting.
You should always cut the apple tree: young - to form a direction of growth, old - to get rid of dry branches.
When pruning do not leave penechkov, trim branches and shoots completely. The best time for pruning is spring.before the tree began to grow actively.
When planting in the hole must be carried peat, superphosphate and humus. Besides, the first two years you need to feed the tree with nitrogen. When applying fertilizer they should stir with water when watering.
Whether to water an apple tree or not depends on the soil.. If it is watery - there is water nearby (stream, etc.) - then watering is not required. With dry soil, watering is mandatory, you need to spend about 30-50 liters per bush at a time.
Do not pour water directly under the root.. For watering, dig a small groove around the apple tree. The diameter of the groove is about a meter.
Before wintering so that the soil around the apple is not frozenit needs to be covered a thick layer of peat or humus.
On how to cut the apple tree in the summer, see the video.
Diseases and pests
For Gorno-Altai apple trees almost not afraid of most diseases and pests.
The exceptions are just some fungal diseases, but their appearance can be avoided by timely feeding with fertilizer.
Also, do not leave penechki, so as not to give pests a reason to live in an apple tree.
In the end, I want to say that the Gorno-Altai apple tree ideal for juice manufacturers.
It gives a good harvest, and its high resistance to external attacks allows you to rely on it when it comes to confidence in the constant availability of the crop.
This apple tree is ideal for the harsh Siberian conditions, but also in areas with a favorable climate it will take root, constantly delighting you with its harvest.
