Cultivation of apple varieties Freshness will not bring you much trouble and they, in turn, will delight you with tasty and juicy fruits for many months.
What kind is it?
These apple trees belong to the autumn varieties of apple trees.. The collection period falls on the end of September. But harvesting can be done later, as ripe apples do not fall.
Mature fruit weight approximately 150 grams. Apples of this variety belong to industrial varieties, since the consumer qualities of the fruit are low. Only 30% of fruits from one tree have good product characteristics.
Picked apples are well preserved.
Favorable conditions for their storage are cold and darkness. You can consume apples of this variety from October to March.
Pollination
Apple trees are among the varieties that pollinated exclusively by insects.
Tip: when planting an apple should not alternate them with other fruit trees. This will worsen the quality of pollination.
Description of the Freshness variety
Appearance plays an important role when choosing an apple tree.
In the photo after the description of the apple tree Freshness, you can see its fruits.
Externally, the apple trees look very fragile.
They grow fast enough. Trees are low, with a rounded crown.
The branches are mainly directed upwards. Shoots are not large, brown, slightly pubescent. The leaves are oval-shaped, rather bulky. The leaf plate in the center is slightly concave, wrinkled.
Leaf color is dark green. The inflorescence is medium in size, white and pink.
Medium-sized fruits. Weight of ripe fruit about 150 grams, rarely about 200 grams. The shape of the apple is round, the ribs are pronounced.
The skin is medium thick, smooth, slightly oily to the touch. The funnel is medium in size and the saucer is quite large.
Seed cameras closed. The flesh is white, dense, juicy, sweet-sour to the taste. The color of the fruit itself is yellow-green, red stripes appear on the sunny side.
A photo
Breeding history
Freshness variety was obtained at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops in 1976.
Breeding varieties engaged E.N. Sedov, V.V. Zhdanov and Z.M. Serov.
When crossing this variety, the hybridization method was used. The genetic material was taken varieties Antonovka Krasnobochka and PR12T67.
In the role of the mother tree ledge grade Antonovka. For pollination was selected fatherly grade. In total, 15 mother trees participated in the experiment, but after the first pollination only 10 remained. It was from these 10 samples that pollen was taken for further pollination.
Before the pollination process, the pollen underwent a deep cleaning, and thanks to this, the breeders were able to subsequently obtain the seeds of a new variety. Further care for the new plant was carried out using the mentor's method. During hybridization to a new variety, the Vf gene was added., which ensured a tremendous resistance of this variety to diseases.
Natural growth region
The region of natural growth of this variety is central Russia. Variety well adapted to growth in temperate climates.but its frost resistance is rather high.
To adapt to severe drought, need plenty of water. Without sufficient watering, the tree will be drained. This is directly related to the fact that apple trees absorb nutrients through the root system in a dissolved form. And with their lack of a tree will not be able to grow normally and bring a good harvest. Therefore, only a sufficient amount of moisture can help it adapt to hot conditions.
When adapting a variety to cold conditions, special measures are not necessary.as this grade possesses good frost resistance. The only thing that can help the tree quickly get out of the stressful state is fertilizing with organic fertilizers.
Yield
The yield of this variety is high.
The tree begins to bear fruit for 5 years after planting.
With the right care from one tree you can collect up to 45 kilograms of apples. The harvest period falls on the end of September. By this time, the fruits reach optimum weight, but ripe fruits do not fall off. This allows you to slightly increase the period of harvest. The frequency of fruiting of this variety - 1 time per year, but with the age of the apple, this figure drops.
Planting and care
Apple health is completely dependent on the person. Only by learning how to properly care for an apple tree, you can achieve really good yields.
Apple trees are unpretentious to the conditions of growth. However, it is important to properly position this variety on the site. Well suited for him a bright place, not far from other apple trees.
Pits for planting seedlings should be no wider than 1 meter, and no more than 60 centimeters deep. The ground in the hole should be fertilized and loosened. If earlier at the site of planting the apple trees fertilizers have already been applied, then it is not necessary to fertilize the soil.
Important: with soil oversaturation with fertilizers, the apple tree will grow well, but the harvest will be poor.
When planting a tree you need to follow the root neck, it must be at ground level. After planting, the tree should be poured abundantly with water. This will allow the earth to envelop the roots more closely.
Care for the apple tree is needed throughout the season. Proper care of an apple tree should be comprehensive and include such mandatory measures as:
- Initial inspection of the tree.
- Healing wounds.
- Pruning dry and damaged branches.
- Cleansing and loosening the soil around the tree.
- Spraying against pests.
- Regular watering.
- Whitewashing the trunk.
Observing these measures of care, the apple tree will bring a good harvest from year to year.
Diseases and pests
Apple Trees Freshness rarely get sick. Thanks to the Vfoni gene, they are practically not susceptible to fungal diseases. And their level of scab resistance is extremely high. But even trees of this variety may be subject to diseases such as bacterial burn, black cancer. Let us examine in detail the measures to combat them:
- Bacterial burn occurs due to improper tree care. The main means in the fight against bacterial burns is the destruction and disinfection of the source of infection.
- Black cancer develops on a young seedling. The main thing to prevent this disease from entering the site. Potassium fertilizers are well suited as preventive measures.
The appearance of pests on apples is an alarming symptom. Basic pest control measures:
- Green aphid. Processing the infusion of dandelion helps in the fight against aphids on apple trees.
- Apple Mole. Chlorophos solution is the only means capable of destroying moths on an apple tree.
- Sheet wrench. Will help get rid of the leafworm solution of nitrofen.
- Apple Blossom. To prevent the attack of the flower beetle, you need to process the apple tree with a solution of karbofos.
Apple varieties Freshness is widely distributed in industrial farms. They gained their fame thanks to good disease resistance.
Unfortunately, the fruits have not too good commodity qualities., but this does not prevent them from being one of the favorite delicacies of adults and children.
And in this video you can see an apple tree growing in the garden:
