The apple tree of the Yuzhnoye variety yields tasty fruits with good chemical and biological indicators.
Apples possess exceptional commodity qualities and are very popular among consumers. The main advantage in elementary care, because the apple tree is characterized by high resistance to fungal diseases.
What kind is it?
Southern Malus is a representative of late-fruiting varieties. It is characterized by average yield and winter hardiness.
High scab immunity. The safety of fruits on average a month and a half, however, depends on the proper storage of apples:
- the required optimum temperature is from -2 ° С to + 1 ° С;
- storage in wooden boxes or containers;
- relative humidity 90-95%;
- sizing fruit by size and sorting apples.
Pollination
Apple tree varieties Southern refers to the self-infertile typetherefore, pollination occurs due to the pollen of apple flowers of another variety.
Ideally, plant lanes of two varieties at a distance of five meters from one another.
In the role of the pollinator, the Delicates variety is best manifested.
Description of the Southern variety
The appearance of the apple tree is characterized by medium growth, thick light green crown and medium-sized lemon-yellow fruits.
Fast-growing, medium in growth, with a luxurious high-imperial crown.
Skeletal branches are powerful, with respect to the trunk are located at an angle of approximately 80 degrees.
The bark is brown with a gray tinge. The shoots are well pubescent, medium in size and have a green-brown color..
Medium sized leaf with noticeable nerve, ellipsoidal shape with narrowed end, dark green color. The surface of the sheet is glossy.
Medium size. On the tree, as a rule, almost the same size is formed.
The average weight of an apple is 110-120 grams.
With proper care, the weight of the fetus can reach 180 grams.
The shape of the apple is regular, symmetrical, oblong-conical. The ribs are mild. The skin is glossy, not thick, with a waxy coating. Apple color is unique, lemon yellow. A third of the surface often has a reddish-brown shade on the sunny side.
The flesh is creamy-white, granular consistency, juicy. The taste is mostly sweet, sour. The aroma of the fruit is very pronounced.
Chemical composition:
- Sugar - about 11%;
- Titrated acids - 0.65%;
- Ascorbic acid — 10.7 mg per 100 g.
Breeding history
The variety of apple trees Yuzhnoye was born thanks to the breeder: P. D. Yurchenko Obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops by crossing varieties - Delishes and Suislepiy.
Natural growth region
Apple tree Southern widespread in the southern regions of Russia. The variety adapts well in other sunny regions.
The zone of natural growth is the Krasnodar Territory. If the climatic conditions are not suitable enough, it is IMPORTANT to ensure proper care, and above all, planting a tree (see below).
Yield
The apple of the Yuzhnoye variety is characterized by precociousness.
In the fruiting tree enters the third or fourth year after landing.
In practice, as a rule, it is encountered earlier, but it is better not to allow this and to cut flowers for the first three years, then an apple tree, in the long run, will produce a greater yield.
Harvesting is done in the second half of August.. The consumer period lasts from late August to mid-October.
Planting and care
The yield and size of the fruit of the apple variety Yuzhnoye directly depends on the care. When planting a tree classic fertilizers are used. Caring for an apple tree does not require much effort.
To make the tree grow strong, healthy and beautiful, The first thing you need is to choose the right sapling. He must be:
- with a developed root system;
- grown in the zone with the same climatic conditions;
- young, then he quickly adapts to the soil in the area where he is grown.
Apple trees are usually planted in three seasons:
- autumn;
- summer;
- spring.
After acquiring seedlings, it is very important to choose the right place for planting the Southern variety apple tree:
- sunny territory;
- lack of wind;
- areas for planting should be well drained;
- soil is porous;
- it is recommended to use loamy or sandy soil;
- avoid places where groundwater is located close to the surface;
- properly prepare the landing hole.
The most An important point in the landing process is the preparation of landing pits..
Since the Southern variety is a medium-tall tree, therefore it is necessary to prepare pits with a diameter and depth of 0.7-0.8 meters, at a distance of three meters from each other. The excavated soil is divided into two parts: soil from the bottom (let's call it soil No. 1) and soil from the surface of the pit (soil No. 2). Perform the following steps:
- we process a hole by removing weeds;
- loosen the bottom;
- we fall asleep soil number 2;
- add to the pit manure humus, ashes and mineral fertilizers in the ratio of 1: 0.8: 1 and mix;
- falling asleep soil number 1.
It is better to prepare the landing pit no later than a week before landing. The optimal period is 3 weeks.
We sow the seedling carefully, preferably in four hands, and tie it up to a wooden peg with an eight.
Tied to a peg we hold an apple tree for a year and a half.
The next year after planting, in the spring, it is important to form the deciduous crown of an apple tree.
It is necessary to trim the ends of each branch is desirable for the first four or five years, do not let the apple tree produce fruit (it is necessary to pick 80-100% of flowers). In the first year in April, trees should be irrigated with mixtures that protect against pests. This procedure should be performed twice:
- when buds began to swell on branches;
- before blooming buds.
Further, the apple tree does not need any special fertilizer.
Basic care during the first five years after planting:
- tying trees to protect against rodents and hares (material - parchment, lapnik);
- mulching with humus pristvolnyh circles;
- hilling the ground to a height of twenty centimeters;
- regular watering.
Diseases and pests
Trees varieties Southern characterized by high resistance to scab. But in practice, the apple tree is often exposed to the following diseases and pests:
- fruit rot;
- defeat green aphids;
- moth defeat;
- bitter pimples.
Fruit Rot - A disease of the fungal type, which penetrates into the middle of the fetus through cracks and wounds created earlier by animals, hail or any other way. The first sign is the appearance of a brown spot on the skin of the apple, which will grow until the apple is completely rotten.
Green aphid - This is a pest with an amazing speed of reproduction. In a few days, a column of aphids can hit most of the leaves of a tree. Aphid sucks the juice from the greenery and shoots, because of which they die and fall. The oldest way of deliverance is to release the ladybirds. In parallel, the tree can be sprayed with a 3% diluent of nitrafen and / or karbofos.
Often the Southern variety tree amazes moth.
These are butterflies of the night type, which lay eggs first on the leaves of the trees, and after the formation of ovaries, on the fruits.
This ultimately leads to the appearance of worms. When a tree is already struck, it is necessary to spray it with insecticides. Best means:
- containing esfenvalerate;
- karbofos.
When the disease goes away for prevention, you can use a decoction of wormwood. Birds are also a great pest killer. To do this, you can build a birdhouse on a suffering tree.
It is IMPORTANT to destroy (remove and burn) the dead layer of bark. Larvae can remain under it and form. Fruit moth always exposes fruit rot.
Bitter pitting most often develops due to an insufficient amount of calcium in the soil, an excessive dose of nitrogen fertilizers, high humidity, a late harvest period, and improper storage. The disease manifests itself as dark brown depressed spots and affects the fetus in two ways:
- on the tree;
- during storage.
The main treatment for apple trees is to prevent the disease.
A number of comprehensive measures that have a preventive effect on various diseases of the apple variety Yuzhnoye:
- pollination of colloidal sulfur and copper compounds;
- destruction of the affected elements;
- fertilization of potash and phosphorus type;
- the introduction of ash into the soil;
- crown formation;
- feed with potash fertilizers;
- Calcium chloride spraying during the growing season;
- timely harvesting.
The variety of apple trees Yuzhnoye has good yields and brings beautiful fruits with high biological value.
The biggest advantage of the variety is its high immunity to scab.
With special preparation, the sapling will germinate on any soil. The tree does not require special care. In case of defeat by pests, the treatment does not require much effort.
