Apple tree Aelita For more than fifteen years, enjoys high popularity among gardeners and industrial enterprises.
It is a moderately sized tree, easily carrying the winter cold, regularly gives tasty, sweet, juicy fruits of the correct form.
What do gardeners need to know if they want to plant an Aelita apple tree on their plot?
What kind is it?
Aelita refers to the autumn varieties of apple trees: the collection of its fruits that ripen until the end For two weeks after removal, occurs in early september.
AT January apples start gradually spoiltherefore, it is advisable to eat them before the New Year holidays.
Eat Aelita apples until the end of December in order not to lose the harvest.
Apple trees Aelita are included in the state register for the North-West region. This variety of apples best adapts to the conditions of this particular part of the country.
Aelita variety description
Consider the external features of the Aelita apple tree and its fruits.
Aelita refers to vigorous trees with a broad, dense crown in the shape of a pyramid.
Its brown skeletal branches grow at an acute angle, which increases the risk of breakage of shoots during the period of snowfall. The bark of a strong, rather thick stem is painted gray.
Long shoots of medium thickness can have both curved and straight shapes. The leaves of the apple tree, having a dark green color, have a large size and are covered with wrinkles.
Their shape is oblong, slightly pointed at the end. During the flowering period, large white-pink flowers appear on the Aelita apple tree.
Aelita apples are not very large: the average weight of each is 130 g. All fruits are about the same and have a rounded conical shape.
The main color of Aelita apples is considered yellow-green. Striped or solid coating blush may stain the entire surface of the apple.
The stem on which the apple rests has an average thickness and length. The flesh of the fruit is not very firm, juicy, yellowish. Brown seeds of Aelita apples have an average size and an elongated, pointed shape.
Fruits Aelita apple have a sweet taste with a slight sourness. Very tasty apples two weeks after collectionwhen they are fully matured.
There are many ways to eat fruit: you can eat fresh apples, make jam, fresh juices, or just dry them.
Breeding history
Sort Aelita was brought by Professor Sergey Isaev, who spent most of his life creating resistant to cold and scab apple trees with delicious fruits.
Aelita was obtained in the 30s of the last century as a result of crossing varieties Cinnamon Striped and Welsey.
The Aelita variety was officially registered in 1999.
Natural growth region
After the apple tree was bred, Aelita was grown exclusively in northwestern part of the country.
Gradually spread all around Russia and even beyond, because the apple of this variety adapt perfectly to any environmental conditions.
They unpretentious neither to the soil, nor to the temperature, they tolerate a frosty winter and hot summer.
You can also get acquainted with other varieties of Altynai and Melba apple trees, which are well tolerated in winter and unpretentious.
You can grow apple trees Aelita in any region of our country. But remember: despite the fact that apples are unpretentious to the conditions, they need proper and regular care.
Yield
Apple trees Aelita are famous for their high yield. The average harvest from a single tree for the year - 30 kg.
From one hectareplanted on 350-400 apple trees available up to 150 centners of fruit provided that the trees are adults.
Fruit apple tree starts 5-7 years after landing and gives an annual harvest.
Usually Aelita apples collected from September to October, after which give the fruits to lie down for 2 weeks until fully ripe.
Planting and care
In order for apple trees to get acclimatized well in certain conditions, when planting them, you need to follow a few rules that guarantee the future health of the tree and good yields.
Let us consider in more detail the rules of planting and how to care for a seedling.
Secrets of successful planting apple Aelita following:
Selection of seedlings. Young seedlings adapt better to new conditions and start producing crops faster. When choosing a tree should pay attention to its root system: it must be well developed.
Landing time. It is recommended to buy seedlings and prepare pits for them in the fall. The process of planting seedlings should begin in early spring and be completed before the end of March.
Place of landing. Apple tree Aelita loves sunlight very much, so for her landing you need to choose a place where the shadow appears least of all.
Not every summer cottage there is a lot of space for spreading trees who love space. Learn about a decent compromise, all about the diversity of varieties of columnar apple trees.
Preparation of the landing pit. Landing pits need to be located at a distance about 4 m apart. Optimal pit size - 80 cm3. The top layer of excavated earth should be placed on one side of the pit, the bottom - on the other.
Peat, manure, compost, superphosphate, potash fertilizers and some ash should be added to the top layer of soil.
All this needs to be mixed and filled with a fertilizer planting pit after the breakthrough with its forks. You can start planting an apple one month after filling the pit with fertilizers so that they can settle.
Landing. Before planting a seedling, the fertilized pit must be filled up with earth to the top. Then in this land should be made a hole, such that the root system of the apple tree could easily fit in it.
The roots of the seedling should be carefully placed at the bottom of the hole, pour them with water and cover with earth. After 10-15 minutes after that you need to compact the ground around the seedling.
Immediately after landing you can tie up plants, in order to further grow straight. To do this, you should stick three stakes around the apple tree and attach a seedling to the G8.
Next to Aelita need to plant apple pollinators, such as Antonovka dessert and Macintosh, because this variety can not self-pollinated.
Caring for the Aelita apple tree immediately after landing. To begin with, attention should be paid to the shape of the tree: shorten by 2-3 buds central shoot, the rest of the branches do a little lower than the center.
In the first year of life tree care comes down to protection against parasites and regular watering. Water the apple tree is necessary from the calculation 2-3 buckets of water per season.
To form the crown of the tree is necessary for 3-4 yearsuntil the tree became big.
Once a year you need to trim the main shoot on a few buds, remove the branches growing inside the crown, cut out shoots, overtaking in its growth central.
A well-formed crown ensures that the plant grows healthy and fertile.
Pristvolny circle Apple tree Aelita also can not be ignored. Before the plant begins to bear fruit, you need to regularly weed and loosen the earth around it.
After the first harvest you can sow lawn. Fertilizers added during planting are sufficient to ensure that the tree develops correctly during 20-25 years.
After this, there may be a lack of elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen.
The lack of these substances is indicated by a change in the taste of apples and the color of the leaves, the fall of the ovaries. If there are such signs, it is necessary to add to the soil around the plant mineral fertilizers.
Large role in the life of the apple play birdsprotecting it from various insect pests. Therefore, in the apple orchard need attract as many birds as possible.
Enough for that build feeders on tree branches. So birds will get used to the fact that there is always food on the apple trees, and there will be more eat harmful insects.
However, birds are not always able to peck up all the parasites. In such cases, you will have to resort to special chemicals that kill insects. To achieve a good result will have to processing 2 times.
You can not spend more than 2 courses of apple treatment per year, because chemicals can penetrate into the fetus and get into the human body.
Watch a video on how to properly care for fruit trees.
Diseases and pests
There are many insect pests that interfere with the normal development of the apple tree. Consider the 3 most common for them.
- Hawthorn moth. Caterpillars of the hawthorn moth damages the leaves of an apple tree, eating away in it holes of diameters up to 9 mm. zolone, methation, cyanox and so forth. Large caterpillars will have to be assembled by hand. The main thing is to destroy them together with spider pupae to prevent the emergence of new moles.
- Apple weevil. Weevil pierces the buds of the apple, thus extracting the juice. To destroy the parasite is recommended to use sprayers ambush, fufanon, corsair. It is best to process the tree during the separation of the buds of the plant.
- East moth. The caterpillar caterpillars eat out passages in the fruits and sprouts of the plant. To combat the caterpillars, you will have to use strong chemicals: benzophosphate, chlorophos, metaphos.In the absence of results after the first treatment after 15 days you can repeat the treatment.
Among the diseases of apple trees, the following are the most common:
- "Witch's broom". The symptom of this disease is the appearance of thin lateral shoots with red bark.
They grow from the sleeping buds of the apple tree at the end of the summer.
This is a viral disease that leads to cessation of apple growth and a decrease in yield.
"Witch broom" impossible to curetherefore the affected apple trees have to dig and burnto stop the disease from spreading.
For the prevention of this disease when planting apple trees, you need to use only good, healthy soil and regularly treat the tree with means against sucking insects.
- Bitter rot. During ripening, bitter rot strikes the fruit of the apple tree. Warm, humid summer rot can also affect tree branches. To prevent this fungal disease, you can use oleocuprite, vitriol or nitrafen. Processing should be carried out before bud break.
Aelita is a wonderful variety of apple trees, giving tasty, sweet fruits. With proper care, the Aelita apple tree will produce large yields annually and will delight its owners for many decades.
