If you decide to grow mushrooms at home, it is strongly recommended to start with oyster mushrooms. These mushrooms are tasty and best suited to home cultivation.
They quickly give birth and unpretentious, a little more than a month passes from planting to harvest.
For a month you can shoot up to 10 kg of mushrooms. They can grow in almost any kind of wood - leaves, stems, rind and sheath of coffee, sunflower husks, cotton seed husks, dry shredded sugarcane fibers, corn stalks and corn stalks, cereal straw, paper and sawdust.
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Features of the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke at their summer cottage.Growing oyster mushrooms at home
To grow oyster mushrooms at home, it is best to use barley straw, erysipelas, wheat or sunflower husk as a substrate. Any substrate must be clean, dry, odorless, mildew and impurities. Consider the use of straw as a substrate, since it is considered the most popular.
Choose wide straws, they should be porous, not infected and not soaked. It is necessary to grind or flatten.
If there is a thick wax on the straw and it is fresh, soak it for an additional 12 hours.
- Water treatment is widespread in home-grown oyster mushrooms. Tamp the straw in a barrel or pan, cover with warm water and heat to 65 degrees. Do not cook straw.
- Three hours soak it in such a temperature, drain the water and cool the straw to 25 degrees.
Put the substrate on any surface on a slope and remove excess water. Once you reach the required temperature, you can begin landing.- For planting it is necessary to prepare a clean plastic bag and high-quality seed mycelium. The width of the bag should be no more than 50 cm.
- Place the substrate on the bottom of the bag, tamp it in and place a layer of mycelium. So continue until the entire package is complete. There should be no free cavities in the film, while the norm of planting should be 3-5% of the total weight of the substrate.
- Place bags weighing up to 15 kg on the racks.
- After three days, make about seven holes with a diameter of five centimeters, to further form the fruiting body of the fungus. Store bags in a room with temperatures up to 18 degrees. Lighting and ventilation are not required.
- Fruiting begins in 16 days. From now on, moisten the bags once a day. Do not forget to ventilate the room, because the mushrooms will emit a lot of carbon dioxide. The air must be humid and the room lit.
- Maturation will begin in a week, the head of the fungus will turn brown and then brighten.
- About 4 kg of mushrooms can be collected from one bag. For two weeks the mushrooms rest and the cycle repeats again. Up to three harvests can be harvested from a bag and up to 6 cycles are carried out in a year.
Put the substrate on any surface on a slope and remove excess water. Once you reach the required temperature, you can begin landing.
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Secrets of drying mushrooms at home.Mushroom cultivation at home
To grow this variety of mushrooms should prepare a cool room, it can be a cellar or basement with the ability to maintain high humidity.
Substrate preparation
This stage in the cultivation of mushrooms is considered to be the most time-consuming. Compost is the main component of the substrate. It can be made from horse manure and wheat or rye straw at a ratio of 80 to 20.
Instead of horse manure, you can use cow or bird, but the yield may be slightly reduced. Cook the substrate under a canopy in the open air. The room can also be used, but it must be well ventilated, since during fermentation moisture, ammonia and carbon dioxide will be emitted.
For one hundred kg of straw, take 2 kg of superphosphate, the same amount of urea, 5 kg of chalk and 8 kg of gypsum. In general, we get 300 kg of the substrate and they can lay a mycelium, the area of which is up to three square meters. Soak straw in the tank for a day.
Place the wet straw along with the manure in layers. The result should be about 4 layers of both. Each layer should be further hydrated, it is necessary to gradually add urea and superphosphate. Then mix the whole pile 4 times and add the remaining elements.
Fermentation will begin and the temperature will rise to 70 degrees. After 22 days the compost will be ready.
Inoculation of the substrate with mycelium of fungi
As a seed for the cultivation of mushrooms it is necessary to choose only high-quality sterile mycelium (mycelium) grown in special laboratories. Industry can produce compost and grain mycelium.
Compost mycelium is less fruitful, but also less exposed to external negative influences. 500 g of compost mycelium should be used per square meter.
Be sure to pasteurize and heat treat the substrate before inoculation. When you press on the substrate, it should slightly spring back, then you will be sure that you did everything correctly.
Inoculation consists of deepening a compost or grain mycelium the size of an egg by 4 cm. Position the holes in a staggered manner with a distance of 20 to 25 cm. If you decide to use a grain mycelium, you can scatter it over the surface and sprinkle the substrate on top with a layer of 5 cm. The air humidity should be up to 95%.
Do not forget to control the temperature, it should be 20-27 degrees. Raise the temperature or ventilate the room if it is lower or higher than recommended.
10 days after the growth of the mycelium, cover the surface with a layer of 4 cm of cased primer. The composition of the cover soil includes 9 parts of peat and 1 part of chalk or 1 part of chalk, 5 parts of peat and 4 parts of garden soil. About 45 top soil will be needed for an area of 1 square meter.
Reduce the temperature to 17 degrees on day 4 after the topsoil has fallen asleep. Moisten the surface regularly. Do not forget to ventilate the room, but make sure that there are no drafts.
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Do not eat overripe and flabby mushrooms with brown plates, as you can get poisoned. Do not cut the mushrooms, but gently unscrew them, then sprinkle the surface of the hole with casing, but not too heavy.
In general, the fruiting will last from 8 to 14 weeks and during this time you will be able to collect up to 7 waves of the crop. The gap between the waves can be about a week. From the first three waves, you can get about 70% of the total harvest.
In the first and in the second case, the cultivation of mushrooms does not cause any difficulties. They are not too whimsical, they only require strict compliance with the instructions.
It is worth a little to try for the chic harvest of tasty oyster mushrooms or champignons, besides, growing mushrooms can turn into a great business with the right approach.
