Pear "Veles", another name for "Daughter Excellent", is an autumn variety of pears, which is especially valued for its generous yield, resistance to fungal diseases and enviable frost resistance. In this material, we will give the characteristics of a pear of the variety "Veles", we will consider the features of planting and growing pears, collecting and storing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this variety.
Pear "Veles": description of the variety
Pear tree sredneroslye. The crown of his sprawling, and later wide-pyramidal, medium density. The branches are thick, long and curved. Fruiting, mainly focused on kolchatkah. Shoots are large, brown, brownish. The leaves are wavy, smooth, dark green, finely serrated on the edges, kept on thin, long petioles. The tree blooms with white and fragrant buds in the spring. Fruits are formed all summer, and ripen in early August. 
The fruit of the pear is medium, about 200 g, yellow-green in color with a red or orange shade. Peduncle curved, long. They have a symmetrical wide-rim, without ribs, shape. The flesh is juicy, soft, creamy, semi-oily. The fruits are sweet. Fruiting tree begins in the fifth - seventh year.
Did you know? In the world there are more than three thousand varieties of pears.
The rules of planting pears "Veles"
The trees of the "Veles" pear prefer fertile soil, and it is desirable that there is a layer of sand under the fertile layer: this has a good effect on the root system. The right choice of seedlings, location, planting scheme - a guarantee that the pear will bring a generous harvest.
How to choose seedlings for planting
For planting, choose biennial seedlings with even, undamaged trunks with a small number of side branches.
When buying seedlings, especially carefully inspect their roots. They must not be dry, without damage, not less than 25 cm in length.
Choosing a place under the pear
Pear "Veles" thermophilic. Sunny, windless places are suitable for it, and tree growth and the level of sugar content of fruits will depend on it. The best solution would be to plant a pear tree in a lighted place near the house. So you protect the pear from gusts of wind and frost. You can also plant a pear seedling in the garden among other fruit trees. You can get generous harvests from the Veles pear tree if it grows on loamy, sandy or sandy-black soil.
Important! On clay soil, pear does not mature well and bears fruit.
Time and landing scheme
It is possible to plant a pear both in early spring and in autumn. Planting pears varieties "Veles" in the spring protects the tree from rodents, in addition, over the summer grows the root system of the tree, which will improve his overwintering.
As for planting in the fall, then plant a pear in the second half of September, a few weeks before the onset of frost. Pits should also be prepared in advance.
The pit must be dug about a meter wide and 40-50 cm deep. The bottom of the pit must be loosened and fertilizers added there (mix in equal proportions fertile soil and peat or humus). On one hole it will take about two or three buckets. Notches are made on the walls of the pit to improve air circulation and stimulate root growth. When planting pears follow specific instructions:
- Beat the peg into the center of the garter hole of the seedling so that it does not deform.
- When lowering the seedling into the pit, check that the root neck is 2-3 cm above ground level.
- Slowly pour the tree with earth, while watering it from time to time, shake it and pull it up a little (to evenly distribute the land between the roots).
- At the end of the backfill, the ground should look like liquid mud.
- From above, sprinkle the hole with the remaining earth, form a side around the pear and pour it with two or three buckets of water.
- After water is absorbed, the ground is mulched with peat or sawdust.
Important! Planting a pear in the spring, prepare a hole in the autumn. After all, a tree that has been planted in a fresh pit suffers because of land subsidence.
How to grow a pear "Veles" at their summer cottage, especially care
Pear "Veles" requires high-quality care to themselves, in order to bear fruit generously and regularly. The plant needs to be fed, watered, loosened the soil, weed, weed, cut off the branches, to ensure that no pests appear, and to take timely preventive measures and fight diseases.
How to water a pear
Watering is extremely important for a plant, both for a sapling, and to an adult tree. Young seedlings need to be watered two or three times a week (for one plant 2 buckets of water). Mature trees will also require watering, especially when they start to bear fruit. Watered three to four times a month. Watering is done in the morning or in the evening.
Important! Fill the plant with water should not be, because its root system grows enough to independently feed on moisture.
A pear can be watered with the help of rotating mechanisms when water drips from the ground (rain method) and with a small (about 15 cm in depth) excavated trench around the tree into which water flows. Water is then distributed throughout the earth, and the roots take the necessary moisture for themselves.
Fertilizers and fertilizing wood
The fertile soil depletes over time and loses nutrients. therefore organic and mineral supplements are used to restore it. Full nutrition of pear trees will bring a bountiful harvest. Pear trees are fed several times a year. The first fertilizer is produced before flowering, for which carbimide, saltpeter or urea are used. The second feeding is done at the end of the flowering of the pear, and then the “green” fertilizer is applied - food waste, manure, leaves, grass. They are placed in a dug trench around a tree and covered with earth. All this mixture is rotting and gives additional feeding to the tree. The third dressing is made in the middle of September by mineral fertilizers, ashes or sawdust.
Important! To make nitrogen for the winter period is strictly prohibited.
All about pruning pears varieties "Veles"
Pruning pears "Veles" is needed so that all branches of the plant took enough light to grow.
Pruning seedlings
Before planting a young seedling is pruned. All branches are shortened by one third. Thus, the future crown is formed. The next pruning is done in spring, until the buds are swollen.
Adult plant pruning
In adult trees, the branches lying on the ground are completely removed, weak shoots and necessarily all the sick and old branches.
Important! Many branches cannot be cut at the same time, it is allowed to remove only one quarter of the total number. Places cut sliced with oil paint, garden pitch or paste-putty.
Pear Breeding Methods
The pear can multiply by seeds and vegetatively (layering, cuttings, grafting). Propagation by seeds is used to breed new varieties of pears by artificially crossing different varieties, species and hybrids. Pear "Veles" often propagated by layering and cuttings.
Reproduction by cuttings
Pear cuttings are harvested in winter. An adult branch with two-year wood is taken and cracked without tearing the bark. If the branch is long, it is cracked in several places. The optimal length of the cuttings is considered to be 15-20 cm long. The places of fractures in the half-bent state are wrapped with a plaster, a scouring tape or tape. Then the branch is fixed to the stick or wire. The dressing material and the fixer are removed at the end of March, and the branch is cut into cuttings at the break points. 
In a dark two-liter plastic bottle pour melt water (to a height of 5-7 cm), several tablets of activated carbon are dissolved in it, and 10-12 cuttings are lowered into it in lower sections. The bottle is placed in a bright place. After a few weeks, callus buds form on the lower sections and the roots begin to grow. Upon reaching the roots of a length of 5-7 cm, they are planted in open ground in fertile soil. At first, they are satisfied with shading from bright light. Cuttings need to be watered, fed, weeded, and by the fall they will already look like two to three year old seedlings.
Reproduction by layering
It is impossible to bend a pear branch to the ground, but this method of reproduction is applied by layering: a box with fertile soil is inserted under the branch; , several transverse cuts are made on its bark, then a branch is pinned and buried in the soil in a box. At the end of all these procedures, the surface of the soil in the box is covered with film, roofing material, or mulched with a layer of compost.
The soil needs to be kept slightly wet. The roots are formed before the end of the season, but they will still be very weak to transplant the layering. In winter, the branch is covered with spruce branches, and a snowdrift is pounced on the box. In general, the process of growing the slice of a Veles pear is two years long. Then it is disconnected from the mother tree and transplanted as a normal sapling. By the way, cuttings bloom and bear fruit before seedlings. And this method completely preserves the varietal characteristics of the mother tree.
Did you know? The closest relative of a pear is a rose.
Harvesting and storage
The ripe pears are determined by color (when the fruits turn yellow, they are ripe) and by the density of the pears (ripe fruits become softer). Harvest in late August - early September. From one tree you can collect from 50 to 100 kg of pears. Fruits ripen at the same time. But it is better to collect in two stages: first large fruits are collected (in the 20th of August), and from the middle of September - all the rest.
If the fruits were torn off slightly immature, then they can be stored in the refrigerator until November. Ripened fruits for long-term storage are not suitable, they are best used fresh or used for harvesting. They store the pears in the basement in boxes or on wooden shelves that are covered with paper before. Each pear at the same time wrapped in thin, soft paper or peppered chips or clean sand. Control the humidity in the basement so that the pears do not bend, as well as in the basement there should be no extraneous odors and traces of mold.
Did you know? Homer called the pear "the gift of the gods." In ancient Greece, pear was used as a natural cure for seasickness and nausea.
Pear "Veles": the merits and demerits of the variety
Advantages of a pear of a grade of "Veles":
- Delicious fruits;
- Beautiful appearance;
- High cold resistance;
- Resistance to fungal diseases;
- High yield;
- Regular fruiting.
- Fruits shrink at a generous harvest and as the tree grows;
- Kidney freeze when fruits ripen;
- Late entry into the fruiting stage.
Did you know? In ancient Rome, pears were donated to Venus, Pomonia and Southeast, and in Greek mythology to Aphrodite and Hera.
Having planted a “Veles” pear in your plot, you will definitely not regret it. Delicious, juicy, fragrant fruits will not leave anyone indifferent.
