To increase the variety of varieties and the yield of berries and fruits growing compactly, effective methods of grafting trees have been developed on the garden plot.
Vaccination is the combination of parts of different plants in one.
The importance of the procedure for fruit, why inoculate
Grafting trees helps gardeners decide many practical tasks:
- Reducing the period of receipt of the first crop. When growing fruit trees from the seed or seeds of the first crop, you have to wait up to 10 years. Graft trees are able to bear fruit in the second or third year after vaccination.
- Increase the stamina and simplicity of fruit trees. Sensitive to weather and other conditions, varieties of fruit trees, grafted onto their less demanding, often wild relatives, are becoming more resistant to adverse environmental factors.
- Garden rejuvenation is another situation when it is necessary to plant trees. Adult specimens, whose yield has decreased, are pruned by planting young cuttings.
- Combination in one copy of the properties of different varieties. The cuttings of tall varieties are grafted to the trunks of more compact trees, which simplifies the care of plants.
- Preservation of varietal properties of the fruit tree. When reproduction by seeds of many plant varieties, especially hybrid ones, it is impossible to fully transfer the properties of parents to the second generation. When grafting fruit trees, perform their vegetative reproduction, while maintaining all the properties of this variety. Most varietal seedlings offered by nurseries, obtained by grafting.
- Saving space. The graft allows you to combine on one trunk branches of different varieties and even tree species.
Did you know? The Russian writer and educator of the 19th century, KD Ushinsky, in the story "The Story of an Apple Tree" reliably described the process of grafting this tree.
Purpose of vaccinations for fruit
For the grafting of trees, a stock is needed - the base tree, which the plant will feed with its root system. Further endurance of the plant will depend on its endurance.
Graft - the stalk or bud of the plant from which the crown is formed and which will bear fruit. From the properties of the graft depends on the yield and variety of fruits received. 
Stock should be:
- compatible with graft.
- adapted to the local climate.
- have a developed root system.
Important! For graft use annual shoots of trees with known varietal properties. The cuttings are harvested both after autumn leaf fall, before the onset of severe frosts, and at the end of winter - in early spring, before the buds swell.
Summer grafting of fruit trees is carried out with fresh cuttings on young trees.
The following trees propagate by cuttings: plum, cercis, thuja, pear, chestnut, felt cherry, laurel, magnolia and irga.
The importance of proper timing for the procedure
The best time to vaccinate trees in spring is the beginning of March - mid-April. In early spring, vaccinations are usually carried out by cuttings. For successful merging of parts of trees you need active movement of juices in the rootstock. The graft should be in a calm state, for this the cuttings should be kept in a cool place for as long as possible. Budding spend later in late April - May. Stone-seed cultures are planted earlier, the spring seed vaccination time is later, since the movement of the juices in them is activated later. 
Important! The time for summer vaccination comes when the active growth of the branches ends. Vaccination is carried out with fresh grafts, a maximum of 2 to 2.5 hours after cutting.
For some species of fruit trees, they are given an autumn inoculation. It can be successful if the warm weather lasts a long time.
Winter vaccination is a risky business. The exception when it is possible to plant trees in winter is plants overwintering in a nursery or indoors in tubs.
When is it better to plant apple trees
Apple trees are grafted in the order of fruit ripening - first early varieties, then later ones.
In the spring, when the buds bloom, the cuttings of apple trees that were kept in a cool place, protected from drying out, are still at rest. These are the optimal conditions for growing graft apples.
Grafting trees in summer coincides with the second active period of sap flow. August is suitable for summer grafting of apple trees. Inoculate with fresh cuttings. At this time, the bark is well separated on the stock, and the apical bud has time to form on the graft.
Features of grafting pear
For grafting pears, the ideal time is spring. Grafting pears in the spring is carried out in terms when the nights are already warm and finish before the tree blossoms. Graft pears are sensitive to cold.
Did you know? Pears can be grafted both before and during the active movement of juices.
The second important condition is good bark separation on stock The weather on the day of vaccination should be sunny and windless. Inoculation of trees in May will allow to fulfill all these conditions. Pears are also vaccinated in summer, but they are practically not vaccinated in autumn.Grafting cherries and sweet cherries - when it’s best to do it
Cherries and cherries are stone trees because they are vaccinated at the very beginning of the season. They can be vaccinated in both spring and summer.
In stone trees such as apricots, cherry plums, cherries, cherries, plums, cornels, peaches, fruit and growth buds are much more difficult to discern by outward appearance than seed seeds.The beginning of March is the optimal time for vaccination using the copulation method. Thanks to the active movement of the juice, the graft quickly grows together with the stock.
Another opportunity to tint cherries and cherries appears in the summer. Budding cherries with success can be done from the second half of July to mid-August.
How to choose the right time for plum inoculation
Experienced gardeners prefer to instill plum in the spring. Although you can spend grafting trees in the fall - the longer the warm weather continues, the higher the chances of successful engraftment. 
Important! Plums do not tolerate vaccinations well in the summer, except for budding. It is more correct to select the beginning of spring for grafting plums, since in stone fruit sap flow starts early.
Terms of choice for grafting apricot
For successful grafting of apricot trees during budding, the main thing is that the cut-off shield with a kidney grows together with the stock in warm weather. Therefore, this method of vaccination is used for early onset of heat, from the beginning of April. Apricot tinting can be done both in spring and in summer. With warm and long autumn apricots are planted in the autumn.
Deciding when and how to plant trees, it is necessary to take into account the purposes for which vaccinations are being carried out. Based on them, you can choose the best method of vaccination, choose the tool that is suitable for him. Grafting fruit trees requires knowledge and practical skills, but the result will surely please a diligent gardener!
