Hazelnuts Nuts are called 20 species of the genus Hazel, which belongs to the family of Birch, often common hazel, large hazel and Peltic hazel - large-fruited forms. The area of distribution is Eurasia and North America, in the territory of coniferous deciduous forests they form undergrowth. The use of hazelnuts in industry for the production of confectionery and sweets is very common. Hazelnuts have different seedlings, the shape of which is determined by the variety: they can be round or elongated.
Did you know? In ancient Babylon, there was a law prohibiting commoners to eat hazelnuts, which, as it was already known, improves brain activity.
Catherine
Hazel cultivar Catherine is a hybrid that was bred in 1961 by crossing common Hazel Tambov and red-leaved hybrid hazelnuts No. 236. Forms a powerful bush with leaves of red shade, the wrapper and nuts of which have pink and dark crimson coloring. Thin fruit wrapper dissected on one side, smaller than a nut in size, and the nut itself is long and large, reaching a length of 30 mm, with a convex smooth base, extended to the top and with a thin shell.
The taste of hazelnut dessert, the yield is 54%. The most large-fruited variety of all hybrid red-leaved nuts, weighs up to 5 g, forms clusters of up to 8 fruits. It ripens at the end of September, the yield of the variety is high, it needs to be pollinated by frost-resistant green-leaved hazel varieties - Tambovskaya Late, Firstborn, which are also winter-resistant varieties of hazelnuts. It grows best and develops in the southern regions. Weakly forms the root system in the process of reproduction.
Masha
Common hazel variety Masha is a spontaneous red-leaved hybrid, obtained by R. F. Kudasheva free pollinating hazel variety Tambov early and Ivanteevskogo krasnolistnogo hazelnuts. It is characterized by elongated fruits weighing 2 g, with a thin tender shell, a wonderful dessert taste and medium oiliness. Frost-resistant productive variety.
Isaevsky
The variety obtained by Kudasheva when crossing a hazelnut Tambovskiy Early with a variety Academician Yablokov. This variety has large, light brown fruits with dark brown stripes, characterized by a wonderful dessert taste. Walnut has exceptional frost resistance. It is known that even the severe Moscow winter of 1978, when the temperature dropped to -42 ° C, did not affect the fruiting of the Isaevsky hybrid, whereas for apple plantations it turned out to be destructive.
Barcelona
Vigorous shrub with a thick spreading crown, reaches a height of 5 m. Large elliptical or rounded light green fuzzy leaves with serrated vershinkami and fine teeth on the edges. Walnut wrap 2 times longer than the fruit and widely spaced. During ripening, the shell opens, allowing the nuts to fall free.
The nuts are very large, ovoid or cone-shaped, slightly flattened and often triangular, with a cone-shaped base, with a spike tip, their width is up to 2 cm; with a thick brown-red shell and asymmetrical juicy sweet core. Variety Barcelona is very prolific, nuts ripen in early September. Lack of varieties: vulnerability to moniliasis. The best pollinators for him are high-quality varieties of hazelnut Halle, Lambert white.
Important! Hazelnut Barcelona exceeds the calorie content of meat and fish, so people suffering from excess cholesterol in the body and excess weight, eat it undesirable.
Adygei
A seedling obtained as a result of free pollination of a local form by N. A. Tkhagushev at the Kuban State Agrarian University. Mid-season variety, has high frost resistance, easily tolerates drought, is not susceptible to damage by diseases and pests. Shrub with medium crown and pubescent, yellow-olive shoots. Widely rounded fruits, 4-5 pieces each, whole wrap longer than walnut, hazelnut taste - sweet, tart, fat content 65.6%, kernel yield - 49%. Included in the state register in 1973, on the test has been since 1967 There is also a variety of hazelnut Adygei popular selection - Circassian variety.
Moscow Ruby
The hazelnut variety Moscow Ruby is the best variety for cultivation. The variety was obtained from crossing the variety Nottingham with a mixture of pollen from hybrid red-leaved varieties No. 154, 162 and 167 from the selection of Academician Yablokov in 1957 in the Zakatalsky nut farm. Forms a vigorous shrub that forms a very dusting male catkins, 4.5 m high, with good yield and cold endurance.
Fruits are large, weighing 3.5 g, reach a height of 3 cm, have a crimson color, form seedlings from 8 to 15 nuts, bivalve plus a little longer than the nut, the shell is of medium thickness, smooth and even, the top of the fruit is dulled, tender core in a silky shell has a sweet dessert taste, its fat content is 63%. Ripening occurs in early October, bears fruit every year for 4 kg per shrub. Serves as the main variety, and the best krasnolistnym variety pollinator. The best pollinators of a grade are the Tambov late and the Firstborn.
Trapezund
The hazelnut Trapezund has such a description of the variety. This is a high-yielding hazelnut variety bred in Georgia. Rounded graceful walnut with a shiny dark brown shell, containing up to 72% fat, weighing up to 3 g; 3-6 nuts in fruitheads, which ripen in late August and have excellent taste. Vigorous sprawling bush reaches a height of 5 m, blooms from February to April. It can withstand frost down to -32 ° C.
Masterpiece
The most fruitful variety of hazelnuts obtained from the Ukrainian selection. The variety is a masterpiece of skoroplodny, forms the first crop in the 3rd year after planting, each year increasing the yield to 9 kg per tree, nuts ripen in late August. A vigorous shrub up to 4 m high, large nuts weighing up to 3 g, with a pointed apex and dark brown shell are assembled in a pair of 2-8 pieces, a pubescent wrap longer than a nut, a round core with good taste, its oiliness is 65%. Hazelnut varieties Masterpieces are propagated by root shoots, layering and grafting. Pollinators for it can be varieties Dolinsky, Rocket, Borovskoy.
Catalan
A vigorous shrub forms a dense leafy crown; the nuts are large, round and conical, 3-6 each on the tops of the branches, the fruit wrapper is equal to the length of the nut, when ripe it opens to open the nuts; walnut with a thick dark brown shell, covered with a gray coating; the core is large, has a sweet taste; leaves are small and densely placed, oval in shape, with small teeth on the edges. Nuts ripen at the end of September, the Catalan average frost resistance is up to -20 ° C.
Important! Nuts, squirrels and variegated woodpeckers, as well as driller beetles that lay eggs in immature fruits, and the larvae formed from eggs, eat the grain itself, can damage the catalan hazelnut crop. You can fight them by shaking or using chemicals.
White lambert
Slow-growing slow-growing shrub, with elongated medium-sized egg-shaped nuts, gathered in clusters of 3-8 fruits. The basis is small, light. The high-quality core completely fills the shell, with very high taste, covered with light skin and without a fibrous shell. Bright shell with darker stripes thin and fragile. The fruit wrap is very long, tight to the nut. The variety ripens early: in late August - early September. The variety is frost-resistant and high-yielding, like all hazelnut varieties grown in the North Caucasus.
Firstborn
Zelenolistny hybrid, bred by R. F. Kudasheva by the method of crossing the Far Eastern variegated hazelnut with the large-fruited Sickler variety. Spreadable medium bush with a height of 3.5 m. In a carved, light green, curly wrap, the edges are bent outward, 1.5 times longer than the fruit. Large elongated nuts, weighing up to 2.5 g, are collected in a pair of 5 pieces; yellow-golden, smooth shell of medium thickness. Wrapped in a light, soft film core has a good dessert taste, oiliness - 65%.
The yield of hazelnut varieties is high - up to 6 kg per bush, bears fruit almost every year in the second decade of September. The firstborn variety abundantly forms female and male inflorescences, the flowering time of which is the same, female flowers with stigmas of bright red color, male earrings abundantly dusting, which makes the variety a good pollinator for red-leaved varieties. Simultaneous ripening protects the plant from spring frosts. The variety is very frost-resistant, withstands up to -40 ° C, the buds are not susceptible to damage by the hazel mite, but it forms a strong basal growth.
Sugar
The Sugar Sugar Hazelnut has the following description: the red-leaved hybrid variety, bred by crossing the Barcelona variety and the Trebizond Hazelnut, has been on the state register since 1995. Ripens in early September, has good winter hardiness. Men's earrings are a good pollinator for other varieties, for pollination of the Sugar varieties they use green leafy large varieties of hazelnuts Tambov Early and Firstborn. Srednerosly bush - up to 3.5 m, forms a thick spreading crown.
Rounded nuts with a thin shell weighing 1.8 g, kernel yield - 48%, sweet taste, gentle, oiliness - 71%, yield - 3 kg from one bush. Wrap is equal to the nut. The variety has a high decorative effect - leaves and nuts are dark cherry in color. Among the advantages of the variety - high frost resistance.
Did you know? This variety contains more butter and sugar than all the other varieties of hazelnuts.
Cosford
English variety grown in the area of Cosford in 1816 The bush grows heavily and forms a thick, high crown with dark green, oval or egg-shaped leaves that become scarlet in the fall. Multiple earrings brown in color, a fruit wrap slightly longer than the nut, tight to the nut at the base, uneven and open at the top. The large, long nuts at the ends are flattened and rounded; their shell is brown-yellow, becoming brown-red as it matures, and the base is light and convex. Light cream juicy kernel covered with a smooth brown shell, has a great taste, the shell does not fill too tight. 
Ripening occurs in mid-September. Variety hazelnut Kosford begins to bear fruit early, high yield. It needs a place protected from the wind and grows better in warm areas. The variety Cosford is a good pollinator for Halle, Nottingham and others varieties of hazelnuts; pollinated by varieties of lambert's red-leaved and webba valuable.
Victoria
Victoria hazel is bred in Ukraine. Bush vigorous, compressed. Nuts of medium size, oblong, the base is flat or slightly tubercle, form stems for 2-8 nuts. The fruit shell is fragile, brown and of medium thickness, the core fills the shell well; the fruit wrapper is 1.5 times longer. It belongs to late varieties, ripens in early September. Differs in high productivity, steadily fruits, is steady against low and high temperatures of air. The variety is recommended to grow in Ukrainian black soil.
Tobacco
Vigorous shrub that forms leafy dense crown. Nuts are round, large enough, assembled in seedlings of 3-6 pieces, the base is white, slightly convex. The core is juicy and tasty, oiliness - 59%, well fills a thin, pale brown shell. The fruits ripen in early autumn, fruits every 2 years, the best pollinators for it are the varieties Cosford and Trapezund. It has good winter hardiness, high-yielding, you need to grow it in a place protected from direct sunlight.
In this article, a capacious characteristic of hazelnut varieties was given, knowing that the gardener will be able to choose a suitable variety of hazel.
